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{{#seo:
|title=Narendra Modi|title_mode=append
|keywords=Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India, Indian politician, BJP leader, Narendra Modi Wikipedia, Modi biography
|description=Narendra Modi is the 14th and current Prime Minister of India, known for his leadership in the Bharatiya Janata Party and significant political reforms.
|image=Narendra Modi 2024.jpg
|image_alt=Narendra Modi in 2024
}}
{{Good article}}
{{Good article}}
{{Indian}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = <!-- Do not add any styles/titles here per [[WP:NCIN]] -->
| honorific-prefix    = <!-- Do not add any styles/titles here per [[WP:NCIN]] -->
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| image              = Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India (3x4 cropped).jpg <!-- Do not change without leaving a talk in the Talk page -->
| image              = Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India (3x4 cropped).jpg <!-- Do not change without leaving a talk in the Talk page -->
| caption            = Official portrait, 2023
| caption            = Official portrait, 2023
| office              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Prime Minister of India]]
| office              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->Prime Minister of India
| president          = [[Pranab Mukherjee]]<br />[[Ram Nath Kovind]]<br />[[Droupadi Murmu]]
| president          = Pranab Mukherjee<br />Ram Nath Kovind<br />Droupadi Murmu
| term_start          = 26 May 2014
| term_start          = 26 May 2014
| term_end            =  
| term_end            =  
| predecessor        = [[Manmohan Singh]]
| predecessor        = Manmohan Singh
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Additional ministries}}
| 1blankname1        = Ministry and Departments
| 1blankname1        = Ministry and Departments
| 1namedata1          = {{unbulleted list|
| 1namedata1          = {{unbulleted list|
|[[Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions]]
|Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions|Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
|[[Department of Space]]
|Department of Space
| [[Department of Atomic Energy]]}}
| Department of Atomic Energy}}
| term_start1        = 26 May 2014
| term_start1        = 26 May 2014
| term_end1          =  
| term_end1          =  
| predecessor1        = Manmohan Singh
| predecessor1        = Manmohan Singh
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
| office2            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->Leader of the House, Lok Sabha
| office2            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha|Leader of the House, Lok Sabha]]
| 1blankname2        = Speaker of the Lok Sabha{{!}}
| 1blankname2        = [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Speaker]]
| 1namedata2          = Sumitra Mahajan<br />Om Birla
| 1namedata2          = [[Sumitra Mahajan]]<br />[[Om Birla]]
| deputy2            = Gopinath Munde<br />Sushma Swaraj<br />Rajnath Singh<br />Nitin Gadkari
| deputy2            = [[Gopinath Munde]]<br />[[Sushma Swaraj]]<br />[[Rajnath Singh]]<br />[[Nitin Gadkari]]
| term_start2        = 26 May 2014
| term_start2        = 26 May 2014
| term_end2          =  
| term_end2          =  
| predecessor2        = [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
| predecessor2        = Sushilkumar Shinde
| office4            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Chief Minister of Gujarat]]
| office4            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->Chief Minister of Gujarat
| governor4          =  
| governor4          =  
{{collapsible list|{{unbulleted list|[[Sunder Singh Bhandari]]
{{collapsible list|{{unbulleted list|Sunder Singh Bhandari
|[[Kailashpati Mishra]]
|Kailashpati Mishra
|[[Balram Jakhar]]
|Balram Jakhar
|[[Nawal Kishore Sharma]]
|Nawal Kishore Sharma
|[[S. C. Jamir]]
|S. C. Jamir
|[[Kamla Beniwal]]}}}}
|Kamla Beniwal}}}}
| term_start4        = 7 October 2001
| term_start4        = 7 October 2001
| term_end4          = 22 May 2014
| term_end4          = 22 May 2014
| predecessor4        = [[Keshubhai Patel]]
| predecessor4        = Keshubhai Patel
| successor4          = [[Anandiben Patel]]
| successor4          = Anandiben Patel
| office3            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| office3            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
| constituency3      = [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh]]
| constituency3      = Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
| term_start3        = 5 June 2014
| term_start3        = 5 June 2014
| term_end3          =  
| term_end3          =  
| predecessor3        = [[Murli Manohar Joshi]]
| predecessor3        = Murli Manohar Joshi
| office5            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
| office5            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->Member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly
| constituency5      = [[Maninagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Maninagar]]
| constituency5      = Maninagar
| term_start5        = 15 December 2002
| term_start5        = 15 December 2002
| term_end5          = 16 May 2014
| term_end5          = 16 May 2014
| predecessor5        = [[Kamlesh Patel (politician)|Kamlesh Patel]]
| predecessor5        = Kamlesh Patel
| successor5          = [[Suresh Patel]]
| successor5          = Suresh Patel
| constituency6      = [[Rajkot West|Rajkot II]]
| constituency6      = Rajkot West
| term_start6        = 24 February 2002
| term_start6        = 24 February 2002
| term_end6          = 19 July 2002
| term_end6          = 19 July 2002
| predecessor6        = [[Vajubhai Vala]]
| predecessor6        = Vajubhai Vala
| successor6          = Vajubhai Vala
| successor6          = Vajubhai Vala
| office7            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->[[Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party|General Secretary (Organisation)]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| office7            = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->General Secretary (Organisation) of the Bharatiya Janata Party
| term_start7        = 5 January 1998<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/19/world/narendra-modi-fast-facts/index.html</ref>
| term_start7        = 5 January 1998<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/19/world/narendra-modi-fast-facts/index.html</ref>
| term_end7          = 7 October 2001
| term_end7          = 7 October 2001
| successor7          = [[Sanjay Joshi]]
| successor7          = Sanjay Joshi
| predecessor7        = [[Kushabhau Thakre]]
| predecessor7        = Kushabhau Thakre
| birth_name          = Narendra Damodardas Modi
| birth_name          = Narendra Damodardas Modi
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1950|09|17|df=y}}
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1950|09|17|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Vadnagar]], [[Bombay State]], India<br />(present-day [[Gujarat]])
| birth_place        = Vadnagar, Bombay State, India<br />(present-day Gujarat)
| party              = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| party              = Bharatiya Janata Party
| spouse              = {{marriage|[[Jashodaben Modi]]|1968|1971|end=sep}}
| spouse              = {{marriage|Jashodaben Modi|1968|1971|end=sep}}
| father              = <!--Do not add non-notable relatives-->
| father              = <!--Do not add non-notable relatives-->
| mother              = <!--Do not add non-notable relatives-->
| mother              = <!--Do not add non-notable relatives-->
| residence          = [[7, Lok Kalyan Marg|7, Lok Kalyan Marg, New Delhi]]
| residence          = 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, New Delhi
| alma_mater          = {{unbulleted list|[[Delhi University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])|[[Gujarat University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])}}
| alma_mater          = {{unbulleted list|Delhi University (Bachelor of Arts|BA)|Gujarat University (Master of Arts|MA)}}
| awards              = [[List of awards and honours received by Narendra Modi|List of awards and honours]]
| signature          = Signature of Narendra Modi (Hindi).svg
| signature          = Signature of Narendra Modi (Hindi).svg
| website            = {{bulletedlist|{{URL|narendramodi.in|Personal}}|{{URL|pmindia.gov.in|PM India official}}}}
| website            = {{bulletedlist|{{URL|narendramodi.in|Personal}}|{{URL|pmindia.gov.in|PM India official}}}}
| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Narendra Modi voice.ogg|title=Narendra Modi's voice|type=speech|description=Narendra Modi on the COVID-19 pandemic<br />Recorded 19 March 2020}}
| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Narendra Modi voice.ogg|title=Narendra Modi's voice|type=speech|description=Narendra Modi on the COVID-19 pandemic<br />Recorded 19 March 2020}}
| vicepresident      = [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]<br />[[Venkaiah Naidu]]<br />[[Jagdeep Dhankhar]]
| vicepresident      = Mohammad Hamid Ansar]<br />Venkaiah Naidu<br />Jagdeep Dhankhar
| order              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| order              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| order1              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| order1              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| order2              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
| order2              = <!-- Do NOT add counts or ordinals, as per [[WP:CONSENSUS]] -->
}}
}}
'''Narendra Damodardas Modi''' (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician serving as the Prime Minister of India since 2014. He previously served as the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and has been the Member of Parliament for Varanasi since 2014. Modi is a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a longstanding member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving Indian prime minister not affiliated with the Indian National Congress.
== Early life and education ==
Modi was born in Vadnagar, in present-day Gujarat (then Bombay State), on 17 September 1950. He completed his secondary education there and was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight. In 1971, he became a full-time pracharak (campaigner) for the RSS. He was assigned to the BJP in 1985 and gradually rose through the ranks, becoming the party’s General Secretary in 1998<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200808041721/https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/narendra-modis-political-journey-from-rss-worker-to-bjps-pm-candidate-534530</ref><ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20141208-rss-sangh-nda-bjp-l-k-advani-narendra-modi-cover-story-806098-2014-11-27</ref>.
=== Chief Minister of Gujarat (2001–2014) ===
Modi became the Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001 following the resignation of Keshubhai Patel. He was subsequently elected to the state legislative assembly. His tenure as chief minister is noted for economic reforms and infrastructure development, which earned praise for boosting industrial growth. However, it was also marred by the 2002 Gujarat riots, during which more than 1,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed. Independent estimates place the death toll closer to 2,000. Modi’s government faced significant criticism for its handling of the violence. In 2012, a Special Investigation Team (SIT) appointed by the Supreme Court of India found insufficient evidence to prosecute him.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130405081524/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1821/18210310.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131111220259/http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/emperor-uncrowned?page=1,1</ref>
While economic growth during his tenure was acknowledged, critics noted that the administration did not significantly improve Gujarat’s health, education, and poverty indices.
=== Prime Minister of India (2014–present) ===
===== First term (2014–2019) =====
Modi led the BJP to a decisive victory in the 2014 Indian general election, securing the first single-party majority in the Lok Sabha since 1984. His government focused on liberalising the economy, promoting foreign direct investment, and implementing policies like the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission). However, the government also faced criticism for cutting spending on healthcare, education, and social welfare.<ref>https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2321023014551870</ref><ref>https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/20/commentary/modis-modus-operandi-2014-elections.html</ref>
In 2016, Modi announced the demonetisation of ₹500 and ₹1,000 currency notes, a controversial move aimed at curbing black money but widely criticised for its economic disruption. The rollout of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 2017 was another major reform, intended to unify India’s tax structure, but faced logistical and implementation challenges.<ref>https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-modicentric-bjp-2014-election-campaign-new-techniques-and-old-tactics(04c598b8-4a4b-49ae-a08b-e4863265a717).html</ref><ref>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Home/Lok-Sabha-Elections-2014/News/Narendra-Modi-appointed-Prime-Minister-swearing-in-on-May-26/articleshow/35388297.cms</ref>
===== Second term (2019–2024) =====
Modi was re-elected in the 2019 general election with a larger mandate. His second term included key policy moves such as the revocation of Article 370, which removed the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, and the passage of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). The latter sparked nationwide protests and was followed by communal violence, including the 2020 Delhi riots, in which dozens were killed.<ref>https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/its-all-about-narendra-modi-as-india-prepares-for-mammoth-2019-election/articleshow/67070925.cms?from=mdr</ref>
Modi’s government faced widespread opposition to three agricultural reform laws, leading to prolonged farmer protests. The laws were eventually repealed in 2021.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government’s response drew both praise and criticism. India launched a large-scale vaccination campaign, but the second wave in 2021 saw a severe health crisis. The World Health Organization later estimated that 4.7 million people may have died in India due to the pandemic, far higher than official figures.
==== Third term and recent developments ====
In the 2024 general election, the BJP lost its outright majority but retained power by forming a coalition under the National Democratic Alliance (NDA). Modi began a third term as prime minister. In 2025, he led the government through a brief India–Pakistan conflict, which concluded with a ceasefire agreement.<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/editors-pick/number-theory-why-was-modis-victory-margin-in-varanasi-lower-101717642096058.html</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-india-69072275/page/6</ref><ref>https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/people-have-placed-faith-in-pm-modi-thanks-voters-as-nda-looks-to-form-govt-for-the-third-time-article-110709244<nowiki/>`</ref>
=== Political ideology and legacy ===
Modi is widely seen as a transformative and polarising figure in Indian politics. His leadership style has been characterised by strong centralisation, assertive nationalism, and significant personal popularity. His tenure has also been marked by accusations of democratic backsliding and increased authoritarianism, with critics pointing to curbs on press freedom, dissent, and minority rights.
Domestically, Modi enjoys high approval ratings and has reshaped Indian politics with a strong emphasis on Hindu nationalism. Internationally, he remains a controversial figure, particularly for his alleged role in the 2002 Gujarat riots and the majoritarian direction of his policies.
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
*[http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4589 Profile on Lok Sabha website]
*[https://narendramodi.in Official Website]
* {{IMDb name|id=5177533|name=Narendra Modi}}

Latest revision as of 08:22, 31 May 2025

Narendra Modi
Official portrait, 2023
Prime Minister of India
Assumed office
26 May 2014
PresidentPranab Mukherjee
Ram Nath Kovind
Droupadi Murmu
Vice PresidentMohammad Hamid Ansar]
Venkaiah Naidu
Jagdeep Dhankhar
Preceded byManmohan Singh
Assumed office
26 May 2014
Ministry and Departments
  • Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
  • Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions
  • Department of Space
  • Department of Atomic Energy
Preceded byManmohan Singh
Leader of the House, Lok Sabha
Assumed office
26 May 2014
DeputyGopinath Munde
Sushma Swaraj
Rajnath Singh
Nitin Gadkari
Speaker of the Lok Sabha|Sumitra Mahajan
Om Birla
Preceded bySushilkumar Shinde
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
Assumed office
5 June 2014
Preceded byMurli Manohar Joshi
ConstituencyVaranasi, Uttar Pradesh
Chief Minister of Gujarat
In office
7 October 2001 – 22 May 2014
Governor
List
    • Sunder Singh Bhandari
    • Kailashpati Mishra
    • Balram Jakhar
    • Nawal Kishore Sharma
    • S. C. Jamir
    • Kamla Beniwal
Preceded byKeshubhai Patel
Succeeded byAnandiben Patel
Member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly
In office
15 December 2002 – 16 May 2014
Preceded byKamlesh Patel
Succeeded bySuresh Patel
ConstituencyManinagar
In office
24 February 2002 – 19 July 2002
Preceded byVajubhai Vala
Succeeded byVajubhai Vala
ConstituencyRajkot West
General Secretary (Organisation) of the Bharatiya Janata Party
In office
5 January 1998[1] – 7 October 2001
Preceded byKushabhau Thakre
Succeeded bySanjay Joshi
Personal details
Born
Narendra Damodardas Modi

(1950-09-17) 17 September 1950 (age 75)
Vadnagar, Bombay State, India
(present-day Gujarat)
Political partyBharatiya Janata Party
Spouse
Jashodaben Modi
(m. 1968; sep. 1971)
Residence(s)7, Lok Kalyan Marg, New Delhi
Alma mater
  • Delhi University (Bachelor of Arts
  • BA)
  • Gujarat University (Master of Arts
  • MA)
Signature
Website

Narendra Damodardas Modi (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician serving as the Prime Minister of India since 2014. He previously served as the Chief Minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and has been the Member of Parliament for Varanasi since 2014. Modi is a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and a longstanding member of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation. He is the longest-serving Indian prime minister not affiliated with the Indian National Congress.

Early life and education

Modi was born in Vadnagar, in present-day Gujarat (then Bombay State), on 17 September 1950. He completed his secondary education there and was introduced to the RSS at the age of eight. In 1971, he became a full-time pracharak (campaigner) for the RSS. He was assigned to the BJP in 1985 and gradually rose through the ranks, becoming the party’s General Secretary in 1998[2][3].

Chief Minister of Gujarat (2001–2014)

Modi became the Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001 following the resignation of Keshubhai Patel. He was subsequently elected to the state legislative assembly. His tenure as chief minister is noted for economic reforms and infrastructure development, which earned praise for boosting industrial growth. However, it was also marred by the 2002 Gujarat riots, during which more than 1,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed. Independent estimates place the death toll closer to 2,000. Modi’s government faced significant criticism for its handling of the violence. In 2012, a Special Investigation Team (SIT) appointed by the Supreme Court of India found insufficient evidence to prosecute him.[4][5]

While economic growth during his tenure was acknowledged, critics noted that the administration did not significantly improve Gujarat’s health, education, and poverty indices.

Prime Minister of India (2014–present)

First term (2014–2019)

Modi led the BJP to a decisive victory in the 2014 Indian general election, securing the first single-party majority in the Lok Sabha since 1984. His government focused on liberalising the economy, promoting foreign direct investment, and implementing policies like the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission). However, the government also faced criticism for cutting spending on healthcare, education, and social welfare.[6][7]

In 2016, Modi announced the demonetisation of ₹500 and ₹1,000 currency notes, a controversial move aimed at curbing black money but widely criticised for its economic disruption. The rollout of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 2017 was another major reform, intended to unify India’s tax structure, but faced logistical and implementation challenges.[8][9]

Second term (2019–2024)

Modi was re-elected in the 2019 general election with a larger mandate. His second term included key policy moves such as the revocation of Article 370, which removed the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, and the passage of the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). The latter sparked nationwide protests and was followed by communal violence, including the 2020 Delhi riots, in which dozens were killed.[10]

Modi’s government faced widespread opposition to three agricultural reform laws, leading to prolonged farmer protests. The laws were eventually repealed in 2021.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government’s response drew both praise and criticism. India launched a large-scale vaccination campaign, but the second wave in 2021 saw a severe health crisis. The World Health Organization later estimated that 4.7 million people may have died in India due to the pandemic, far higher than official figures.

Third term and recent developments

In the 2024 general election, the BJP lost its outright majority but retained power by forming a coalition under the National Democratic Alliance (NDA). Modi began a third term as prime minister. In 2025, he led the government through a brief India–Pakistan conflict, which concluded with a ceasefire agreement.[11][12][13]

Political ideology and legacy

Modi is widely seen as a transformative and polarising figure in Indian politics. His leadership style has been characterised by strong centralisation, assertive nationalism, and significant personal popularity. His tenure has also been marked by accusations of democratic backsliding and increased authoritarianism, with critics pointing to curbs on press freedom, dissent, and minority rights.

Domestically, Modi enjoys high approval ratings and has reshaped Indian politics with a strong emphasis on Hindu nationalism. Internationally, he remains a controversial figure, particularly for his alleged role in the 2002 Gujarat riots and the majoritarian direction of his policies.

References

  1. https://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/19/world/narendra-modi-fast-facts/index.html
  2. https://web.archive.org/web/20200808041721/https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/narendra-modis-political-journey-from-rss-worker-to-bjps-pm-candidate-534530
  3. https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20141208-rss-sangh-nda-bjp-l-k-advani-narendra-modi-cover-story-806098-2014-11-27
  4. https://web.archive.org/web/20130405081524/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1821/18210310.htm
  5. https://web.archive.org/web/20131111220259/http://www.caravanmagazine.in/reportage/emperor-uncrowned?page=1,1
  6. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2321023014551870
  7. https://www.epw.in/journal/2014/20/commentary/modis-modus-operandi-2014-elections.html
  8. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-modicentric-bjp-2014-election-campaign-new-techniques-and-old-tactics(04c598b8-4a4b-49ae-a08b-e4863265a717).html
  9. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Home/Lok-Sabha-Elections-2014/News/Narendra-Modi-appointed-Prime-Minister-swearing-in-on-May-26/articleshow/35388297.cms
  10. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/its-all-about-narendra-modi-as-india-prepares-for-mammoth-2019-election/articleshow/67070925.cms?from=mdr
  11. https://www.hindustantimes.com/editors-pick/number-theory-why-was-modis-victory-margin-in-varanasi-lower-101717642096058.html
  12. https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-asia-india-69072275/page/6
  13. https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/people-have-placed-faith-in-pm-modi-thanks-voters-as-nda-looks-to-form-govt-for-the-third-time-article-110709244`